Notes

Born in Paris in 1934, Jean-Pierre Vasarely, known as Yvaral, was a French artist working in Kinetic and Op art. The son of pioneering Op artist Victor Vasarely, Yvaral was immersed in an artistic environment that profoundly influenced his work. He studied graphic art at the École des Arts Appliqués in Paris, where he began exploring geometrical abstraction in the 1950s.

In 1960, Yvaral co-founded Le Group de Recherche d'Art Visuel (GRAV), promoting art that engaged viewers through optical illusion and interaction. He coined the term "Numerical Art" in 1975, emphasising works created using algorithms, though they were all hand-painted. His pieces often transform recognisable images into abstract compositions, exemplifying his innovative approach to colour and geometry.