Notes

Elza Miles, (2002) Nomfanekiso, Who Paints at Night, Vlaeberg, Fernwood:

Gladys Mgudlandlu is one of the foremost exponents of Expressionism in South Africa.  She was never exposed to the art of the schools of Expressionism in Europe as she never set foot outside South Africa.  By day she was a school teacher, but at night she painted by the flickering light of a paraffin lamp in her 'township' house in Cape Town.   She arrived at a pristine form of Expressionism that is deeply rooted in the still-uncharted field of indigenous culture.